Human rights organisations consider the UAE substandard on human rights, ranking low in the human freedom index due to reports of government critics being imprisoned and tortured, families harassed by the state security apparatus, and cases of forced disappearances. The Federal Supreme Council, made up of the seven ruling emirs, is the highest state authority; it jointly appoints one member as federal president, who appoints a prime minister, who in turn forms and leads the cabinet. The UAE is considered a middle power in global affairs; Dubai serves as an international hub of finance, tourism, and commerce. It consisted of 152 articles, setting out the structure of the federal government while allowing individual Emirates to retain local authority.
Cricket
- Falconry, for example, has functioned as a national symbol since its inception in 1971.
- In 1869, the Qubaisat tribe settled at Khor Al Adaid and tried to enlist the support of the Ottomans.
- The active and effective military role, despite its small active personnel, has led the UAE military to be nicknamed as “Little Sparta” by United States Armed Forces Generals and former US defense secretary James Mattis.
- The seven sheikhs of the emirates then decided to form a council to coordinate matters between them and took over the development office.
- Freedom of association is also severely curtailed, and in most cases, banned under existing law.
- The UAE government avails official social media accounts to communicate with public and hear their needs.
The UAE is the only country in the world that has a Ministry of Tolerance, a Ministry of Happiness, and a Ministry of Artificial Intelligence. The title is used due to the sheikhdom-styled governing system in adherence to the culture of tribes of Arabia, where Sheikh means leader, elder, or the tribal chief of the clan who partakes in shared decision making with his followers. A percentagequantify of revenues from each emirate is allocated to the UAE’s central budget.
Culture
Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the country’s first president (1971–2004), oversaw rapid development of the Emirates by investing revenues from newly found oil into healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Notable international tournaments hosted by the UAE have included the 2014 Under-19 Cricket World Cup, the 2021 ICC Men’s T20 World Cup, and three editions of the Asia Cup (1984, 1995, and 2018). There are a number of international cricket venues in the UAE, which are frequently used for international tournaments and “neutral” bilateral series due to the local climate and Dubai’s status as a transport hub. The headquarters of the International Cricket Council (ICC) have been located in the Dubai Sports City complex since 2005, including the ICC Academy which was established in 2009. Aside from the national prevalence of falconry, the UAE have played a formative role internationally in the co-ordination of UNESCO’s recognition of falconry as intangible heritage.
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In several cases, the courts of the UAE have jailed women who have reported rape.d Federal law in the UAE prohibits swearing on social media. Sodomy is illegal and is punishable by a minimum of 6-month imprisonment or a fine or both, but the law does not apply “except on the basis of a complaint from the husband or legal guardian”, but the penalty may be suspended if the complaint is waived. Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction over Muslim family law matters such as marriage, divorce, child custody, and https://chickenroadapp.in/ inheritance. With alcohol and cohabitation laws being loosened in advance of the 2020 World Expo, Emirati laws have become increasingly acceptable to visitors from non-Muslim countries. Sharia courts have exclusive jurisdiction in Muslim family law matters, while civil courts deal with all other legal matters. The UAE’s judicial system is derived from the civil law system and Sharia law.
- The UAE is ranked as the 26th best country in the world for doing business by the Doing Business 2017 Report published by the World Bank Group.
- In 2007, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum decreed that journalists can no longer be prosecuted or imprisoned for reasons relating to their work.
- According to official sources, in Dubai, “the share of mass transport in people’s mobility increased from 6 per cent in 2006 to 20.61 per cent in 2022.” Together with the USA the country invested 17 billion dollars in sustainable agriculture.
- The government follows a policy of tolerance toward other religions and rarely interferes in the religious activities of non-Muslims.
- This was the first commercial discovery of the Trucial Coast, leading to the first exports of oil in 1962.
In 2023, the UAE’s legal system fell under international scrutiny, as the members of the British Parliament opened an inquiry into how the foreign business executives are treated in the country, in case of accusations of breaking the law. The seven sheikhs of the emirates then decided to form a council to coordinate matters between them and took over the development office. It is a federal semi-constitutional monarchy made up of seven emirates, with Abu Dhabi serving as its national capital. A united federation, he believed, would give the emirates strength, stability and international standing. The five most populous nationalities in the emirates of Dubai, Sharjah, and Ajman are Indian (25%), Pakistani (12%), Emirati (9%), Bangladeshi (7%), and Filipino (5%).
This unique imbalance is due to the country’s exceptionally high net migration rate of 21.71, the world’s highest. A 1,200 km (750 mi) country-wide railway is under construction which will connect all the major cities and ports. Due to the announced expansion of Al Maktoum Airport on 28 April 2024, Dubai International Airport will be shut down once Al Maktoum Airport expansion will be completed. Wynn Al Marjan Island in Ras Al Khaimah will feature the first casino in the country and will also be the country’s first integrated resort when it opens in March 2027.
United Arab Emirates
The uniqueness of the country’s natural desert life, especially with the Bedouins, also facilitates the country’s tourist industry. The country’s major tourist attraction includes the famous Burj Khalifa in Dubai, the tallest tower in the world; The World archipelago and Palm Jumeirah also in Dubai; Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque and Yas Marina Circuit in Abu Dhabi; Al Hajar Mountains in Fujairah. The state oil firm was alleged of exploiting the UAE’s COP28 presidency to pursue oil and gas deals. The Barakah nuclear power plant is the first on the Arabian peninsula and expected to reduce the carbon footprint of the country. Although the oil and gas sector continues to be significant to the UAE economy, these efforts have yielded great resilience during periods of oil price fluctuations and economic turbulence. The UAE leadership initiated economic diversification efforts even before the oil price crash in the 1980s, resulting in the UAE having the most diversified economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at present.
The Trucial States and British Protection before the UAE
Before the establishment of the United Arab Emirates in 1971, the region was known as the Trucial States, a group of independent sheikhdoms along the Arabian Gulf coast.
These developments are particularly evident in the larger emirates of Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The UAE government implemented value-added tax (VAT) in the country from 1 January 2018, at a standard rate of 5%.While the government may still adjust the exact arrangement of the VAT, it is not likely that any new taxes will be introduced in the foreseeable future. Western states, including the United Kingdom, were also warned by the Emirati Trade Minister, Thani bin Ahmed Al Zeyoudi, to keep politics separate from trade and the economy, as it dilutes the agreements’ main objectives.
All associations have to be submitted to censorship guidelines and all publications have first to be approved by the government. In the UAE an association requires twenty individuals, none of which can have previous convictions and must be preauthorized and registered with the government. Freedom of association is also severely curtailed, and in most cases, banned under existing law. This development is expected to attract major gaming operators and contribute significantly to the country’s economy. The GCGRA also mandates player management tools, including deposit limits and cooling-off periods for online gaming.
According to official sources, in Dubai, “the share of mass transport in people’s mobility increased from 6 per cent in 2006 to 20.61 per cent in 2022.” Together with the USA the country invested 17 billion dollars in sustainable agriculture. According to the figures, 25% of applicants lost their jobs and nearly 15% were stranded in the country due to lockdown. The International Trade Union Confederation has called on the United Nations to investigate evidence that thousands of migrant workers in the UAE are treated as slave labour. In 2018, the country hosted the Second Annual World Tolerance Summit, which was protested by a number of NGOs and scholars. As a response to their poor human rights records, the government of the UAE has tried to strengthen relations with a number of western private and public entities through whitewashing, to improve their public image. Reports stating the Emirates wanted to provide humanitarian support for the Sudanese people turned out to be an expansion of a covert operation to funnel money, weapons – including drone technology – to opposition forces.
This growth is mainly due to the influx of foreign workers into the country, making the national population a minority. They continue to face criticism for its ongoing contribution to climate change and human rights abuses, despite participating in these international events. They established a Soft Power Council in 2017 in order to address their international image. The country has been a leading supporter of Israel’s genocide in Gaza as well as funding the genocide in Sudan, through direct support and supply of weapons to the arab supremicist rebel group in the Sudanese civil war. The UAE has expanded its international influence, subsequently committing human rights abuses across national borders.
But there, Sheikh Khalid bin Muhammad Al Qasimi had already negotiated with the Iranian shah, and the island was quickly leased to Iran for $3 million a year. Days after the announcement, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, fearing vulnerability, tried to persuade the British to honour the protection treaties by offering to pay the full costs of keeping the British Armed Forces in the Emirates. British Members of Parliament (MPs) debated the preparedness of the Royal Navy to defend the sheikhdoms. By 1966, it had become clear that the British government could no longer afford to administer and protect the Trucial States, what is now the United Arab Emirates. However, on 27 October 1960, the company discovered oil in commercial quantities at the Murban No. 3 well on the coast near Tarif.
Migrant workers
Additional taxes would destroy one of the UAE’s main enticements for businesses to operate in the country and put a heavy burden on the economy. 2024 will be the third consecutive year that the UAE holds first place as the world’s leading wealth magnet, as 6,700 wealthy migrants are set to move to the country. Despite the government’s expansionary fiscal policy and a growing economy in 2018 and at the beginning of 2019, prices have been dropping in late 2018 and 2019 owing to oversupply in some sectors of importance to consumer prices. To support the economy, the government is currently following an expansionary fiscal policy. In fact, just over eighty per cent of Emirati workers hold government posts, with many of the rest taking part in state-owned enterprises such as Emirates airlines and Dubai Properties. Consequently, there are very few anti-discrimination laws in relation to labour issues, with Emiratis – and other GCC Arabs – getting preference in public sector jobs despite lesser credentials than competitors and lower motivation.
Literature and other written works by modern Emiratis are not well known globally because the majority of writers in country do not publish in English, women are restricted from participating in traditional literary groups, and freedom of expression is surpessed. Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme from 1 June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees. In February 2008, the Ministry of Health unveiled a five-year health strategy for the public health sector in the northern emirates, which fall under its purview and which, unlike Abu Dhabi and Dubai, do not have separate healthcare authorities. The education system through secondary level is administered by the Ministry of Education in all emirates except Abu Dhabi, where it falls under the authority of the Department of Education and Knowledge. Dubai International Airport became the busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic in 2014, overtaking London Heathrow. The northern emirates are rapidly following suit, providing major incentives for developers of residential and commercial property.
The Council of Ministers is made up of 22 members and manages all internal and foreign affairs of the federation under its constitutional and federal law. The UAE e-Government is the extension of the UAE federal government in its electronic form. The UAE uses the title Sheikh instead of Emir to refer to the rulers of individual emirates.
Two months later, in March, the government announced the closure of shopping malls, schools, and places of worship, in addition to imposing a 24-hour curfew, and suspending all Emirates passenger flights. In January 2006, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the prime minister of the UAE and the ruler of Dubai, died, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum assumed both roles. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan succeeded Sheikh Khalifa as crown prince of Abu Dhabi. On 2 November 2004, the UAE’s first president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, died.
Having assumed leadership of Abu Dhabi in 1966, he believed deeply that the emirates shared common history, culture and destiny. This is the story of how the emirates came together, why it mattered, and how that decision shaped the UAE we know today. Behind the colours and concerts lies a deeper story of bold leadership, difficult negotiations, and a shared belief that seven separate emirates could be stronger as one. Following the 2009 attack on the Sri Lanka national cricket team, the UAE served as the de facto home of the Pakistan national cricket team for nearly a decade, as well as hosting the Pakistan Super League. The UAE national cricket team has qualified for the Cricket World Cup on two occasions (1996 and 2015) and the ICC Men’s T20 World Cup on two occasions (2014 and 2022). Notable grounds include the Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium in Sharjah, Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi, and Dubai International Cricket Stadium in Dubai.
The government has also implemented digital initiatives to enhance e-Government services and promote smart city concepts, further demonstrating the UAE’s commitment to technological advancements. The UAE government avails official social media accounts to communicate with public and hear their needs. New media, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram are used widely in the UAE by the government entities and by the public as well. Journalists who are arrested for violating this law are often brutally beaten by the police.
